Measurements are approximate; height precedes width.
c. before a date = circa
C. after a date = century

Slides on exams will be selected from the works starred. Stars may be removed or added upon students' request and instructor's agreement.

Roman (for background only)

Ara Pacis, Rome, 13-9 B.C.E., marble, panels about 5' 3" high, Rome
Aeneas sacrificing
Arch of Titus, Rome, 81 C.E., marble
Triumph of Titus, approx. 7' high
Column of Trajan, Rome, 113, marble
Adlocutio (speech), building, Dacian defeat
Column of Marcus Aurelius, Rome, 193, marble
Adlocutio, decapitation of Germans

LATE ANTIQUE

themes of imperial culture, Neo-Platonism, mystery religions, salvation, theocracy, pluralism in the languages of forms
terms: aulic, Chi Rho, hieratic, hierarchical, orans/orant

Ludovisi Sarcophagus, c. 250-60, marble, about 5' high, Rome, Museo Nazionale Romano
*The Tetrarchs (4 Emperors: Diocletian), c. 300, porphyry, about 4', Venice, Piazza San Marco
*Arch of Constantine, Rome, 312-315, reliefs, marble, about 40" high
*Liberalitas (Constantine dispensing Largess)
* Constantine, head: about 8-1/2', colossal seated statue, c. 315, marble, Rome, Palazzo dei Conservatori
Christ Helios, c. 300, mosaic, St. Peter's, Rome, necropolis ceiling

*Plotinus? (c. 205-270), bust from late 3rd c., marble, life-size, Museum, Ostia

Catacomb paintings, Rome, 2nd-4th C., fresco (catacombs were constructed throughout the Mediterranean world, not just in Rome)
*orans / orant figure
*Jonah scenes
Crossing of Red Sea (Exodus)
Asklepios and his disciples
*Good Shepherd
Seasons, Shepherds
*fish and loaves in basket
*funerary banquet
*Mother and Child (Virgin and Christ?)

Sarcophagus from Santa Maria Antiqua, c. 270, marble, Rome, about 2' x 7'

Dura-Europos, on the Euphrates, frescoes (important Roman provincial town)
Christian house with Baptistery, 232-56, Yale University Art Museum, New Haven
*Good Shepherd
*Women at the Tomb (Marys)
Synagogue, 245-56, National Museum, Damascus
Moses at the Burning Bush
*Consecration of Temple with priest Aaron (about 5' x 8')
*torah niche with Sacrifice of Abraham
Crossing of the Red Sea (Exodus)
Temple of Palmyrene Gods (Temple of Bel)
Priests (Konon, etc.)
Mithraeum
Mithras hunting
Mithras killing a bull

architecture
terms: aisles, ambulatory, apse, arcade, arch, atrium, basilica, clerestory, colonnade, dado, dome, elevation, gallery or tribune, narthex, nave, section, transept
(See Gardner's glossary and some definitions in Reader, pp. 247-8, and the plan of a monastery, p. 161.)
synagogue terms: bimah (bema), torah (Pentateuch)

*Old St. Peter's, or St. Paul's outside the walls (fuore le mura), Rome, c. 333
five-aisled, two-story basilica with colonnade, clerestory, open timber roof, transept, and apse

Mausoleum of Sta. Costanza, Rome, c.337-51; for Constantia, Constantine's daughter
mosaics: vine imagery—Paradise and salvation

*Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, mid-4th century
complex with 1) atrium, 2) five-aisled basilica, 3) site of Golgotha: Rock of Calvary, 4) forecourt, 5) tomb of Christ within Holy Sepulcher: Anastasis Rotunda

*Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, c. 432-440
3-aisled, 2-story colonnaded basilica, 15th-c. coffered ceiling, clerestory, apse
(transept added later)
nave mosaics: *Hospitality of Abraham
Separation of Lot and Abraham
*Israelites threaten revolt and Stoning of Moses, Joshua, Caleb
*"triumphal arch," or more accurately, arcus maior:
Annunciation
Adoration of the Magi
Prepared Throne (Hetoimasia or Etimasia) of the Second Coming (Apocalypse 20)

*Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, 425-50, central cross plan (Greek cross), chapel dedicated to St. Lawrence. Galla Placidia was the daughter of Theodosius and sister of Honorius (died 423), regent in 424-50. Her tomb is actually in Rome. The church may have been meant as a
memorial to St. Lawrence.
mosaics: *St. Lawrence as victorious martyr
*The Good Shepherd
*Cross in vault with Tetramorph, i.e., the Four Beasts of the Apocalypse or Revelation (of John), used to symbolize the Four Evangelists: Matthew (angel or man), Mark (lion), Luke (ox), and John (eagle)

Orthodox Baptistery, c. 400 and c. 450-60, San Giovanni in Fonte
dome under bishop Neon, c. 451-73
Baptism of Christ surrounded by Apostles
motifs of prepared thrones, open books (gospels), and garden landscape above prophets and vine scrolls

Hosios Giorgios (St. George), Salonika (formerly Mausoleum of Galerius), 305-11
dome mosaic with orant saints, c. 450

*Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, Rome, 359, marble, 4 1/2 x 8 x 4 3/4', Vatican Grottoes of St. Peter, Rome. Read center to right, then center to left. Subjects listed in Reader, p. 56.

*ivory casket with scenes from the Passion, c. 420, each panel 3 x 4", British Museum, London

*Way to Calvary
*Christ's Crucifixion with Suicide of Judas

Sant' Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, dedicated 504

*mosaic on upper register of nave wall: Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes

*San Vitale, Ravenna, 526-547, martyrium, central plan, apse, ambulatory above which are galleries or tribunes, elaborate marble revetment

*mosaics in presbytery:

*Justinian and Theodora and court with Bishop Maximian
*Hospitality and Sacrifice of Abraham Four Evangelists

*mosaic in apse: Christ as Ruler of the World with St. Vitalis and Bishop Ecclesias
*mosaic in vault: Lamb of God (Agnus Dei)

(Some art historians consider the mosaics at San Vitale examples of early Byzantine art; others classify them as Late Antique art, beginning Byzantine art in c. 700)

Sant' Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna, c. 533-549

aisled two-story basilica with arcade, clerestory, open timber roof, and apse
apse mosaic of Transfiguration with St. Apollinaris

*Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (now Istanbul), 532-537 (dome raised in later 6th c. after earthquake damaged original hemispherical dome), 184' h. x dome 112' diam.
commissioned by Justinian, designers (engineers) Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus

central plan domed structure with apse, narthex, tribunes, and clerestory

visual culture of daily life and pilgrimage (Maguire and Vikan reading)
For identification, students need to know what the object is and proper name if any (e.g., Projecta's bridal casket), its significance, and material, but no date other than that of Late Antiquity (3-7th C.) except for the amulet with YHVH on it.

*floor mosaic with knot and inscription: God with us, Shuneh-Nimrin, Jordan
*mirror with knot grip, Syria, 3-4th C., silver, 2.2 x 34.6 cm diam., Museum of Art, Cleveland OH
*hair comb, wood, 23 x 6.5 cm, Kelsey Museum, Ann Arbor MI
*mirror plaque, 5th C., Syria or Palestine, 15 x 10 cm, Divinity School, University of Chicago
*ampulla and bronze mirror with circles, Tesoro del Duomo [cathedral treasury], Monza, and
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto
*Projecta's bridal casket (part of the Esquiline Treasure), c. 380, silver with some gilding, 11 x 22",

British Museum, London
Projecta and Secundus medaillon on lid
*Venus between 2 Tritons on front

*Nereids in Nilotic setting, 5-6th C., Coptic, wool and linen tapestry, 84 x 64", Textile Museum, Washington D.C.
*curtain hook in shape of thumb, 6th C. or later, 12 x 17 x 2.5 cm, Malcove Collection, University of Toronto
*amulet with name of God: YHVH (Jehovah), 7-6th C. BCE, silver, Jerusalem
*lamp with Chi Rho, 5-6th C., earthenware, 3.2 x 14.4 x 8 cm, private collection
*pilgrim token depicting Symeon Stylites the Younger, 6th C., 3.1 diam. x 1.1 cm thickness, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto
*ampulla with Veneration of the Cross and Women at the Tomb, Jerusalem, c. 600, tin-lead, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington D.C.

*Woman with jewelry box, c. 300, ceiling fresco from imperial palace, Trier, now in Episcopal Museum, Trier

*icon of Virgin and Child between Saints Theodore and George with angels, St. Catherine's, Mt. Sinai, 6th C. or early 7th C., encaustic on wood, 27 x 19"

ISLAMIC

terms: caliph, hypostyle hall, imam, mihrab, minaret, minbar muezzin, qibla wall Quran, surah,

*Dome of the Rock, on the Temple Mount, Jerusalem, 687-92, 75' h x c. 60' diam.
commissioned by Caliph Abd al-Malik

double-shelled wooden domed octagon

Great Mosque, Damascus (Syria), 706-15, commissioned by Caliph al-Walid, son of al-Malik

hypostyle prayer hall with large open courtyard
mosaics: paradisical imagery

Quran fragment with Kufic script, 8-9th C., ink and gold on vellum, 7 x 10", Freer Gallery, Washington D.C.

*Great Mosque, Qayrawan (Kairouan), c. 836-75, 450 x 260'

hypostyle prayer hall with large open courtyard

*Great Mosque, Córdoba (Spain), 784 and 9-10 C.

hypostyle prayer hall with large open courtyard ??
ribbed vault in dome before mihrab, commissioned by Caliph al-Hakam II, 961-65

*Mosque of Selim II, Edirne (ancient Adrianopolis), 1568-75, designed by architect Sinan

central plan with dome and open courtyard with ablution fountain (shadirvan)
mosque complex with madrasa (medresa), arasta, etc.

marabout, holy man's tomb, dome-on-cube form

ADDENDA

Add stars (to be studied for the exams) to the following works from pp. 1 & 2:

*Christ Helios, c. 300, mosaic, St. Peter's, Rome, necropolis ceiling

Dura-Europos, Synagogue

*torah niche with Sacrifice of Abraham
*Crossing of the Red Sea (Exodus)

*Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, Separation of Lot and Abraham
(Note also that the mosaics of the entire arch to the apse is starred.)

Remove stars (not to be shown on exams) from the following:
Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, Israelites threaten revolt and Stoning of Moses, Joshua, Caleb

LATE ANTIQUE MEDITERRANEAN
manuscripts
terms: codex, folio, parchment, recto, vellum, verso

Vatican Vergil, Rome, c. 400, parchment, 8 1/2 x 8", Biblioteca Apostolica, Vaticana, Vatican City, cod. Vat. lat. 3225

Scenes from the Aeneid:

Trojans come before King Latinus, f. 63

Vienna Genesis, eastern Mediterranean, early 6th c., parchment, 335 x 250 mm (13 x 9-3/4"),

Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, cod. Vindobon, theol. gr. 31

*Rebecca and Eliezer, or Rebecca at the Well, f. 7 (pict. 13)

Vienna Dioscurides, herbal, Constantinople, early 6th c., 380 x 330 mm (15 x 13"),

Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, cod. med. gr. 1

plant
*author portrait: Dioscurides, Inspiration (Epinoia), assistant, f. 5v
*dedication miniature: Princess Anicia Juliana

between Magnanimity and Prudence with Gratitude of the Arts at feet, f. 6v

Rabbula Gospels, Zagba [Syria], 586, 13 x 10 1/2", Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, cod.

Plut. I, 56

*Ascension, f. 13v

THE FRONTIERS AND THE NORTH--NOMADIC VISUAL CULTURE

themes of migration, portable work
terms: cloisonné, cloison

Celtic -- La Tène style

*Desborough mirror, 1st c. CE, bronze, about 8" diameter, British Museum, London

Germanic -- Anglo-Saxon

Sutton Hoo ship burial for Anglo-Saxon ruler, c. 650, British Museum, London

*purse lid

7-1/2" across with cloisonné ornament, animal interlace medallions, duck and eagle ornament, man and beast ornament

EARLY MEDIEVAL

themes of monasticism, the cloister, court patronage, the Holy Roman Empire
terms: abbey, cloister, historiated initials, incipit, monastery

Hiberno-Saxon

*Book of Durrow (Gospel book), Northumbria?, 670s, vellum, 9-1/2 x 6-1/2, Trinity College, Dublin MS 57 (full facsimile at Special Collections)

*symbol of Matthew, 21v
*carpet page, 192v (Germanic type)
*carpet page, 3v (Celtic type)
*symbol of John: lion (rare alternative symbol version), 191v
*Chi Rho page, 23r

*Lindisfarne Gospel Book, Lindisfarne, (Northumbria), c. 698, vellum, 13-1/2 x 9-1/2", British Library, London, MS Cotton Nero D. IV (sumptuous facsimile at Special Collections)

*Matthew, 25v
*cross carpet page, 26v

*Codex Amiatinus, c. 700, the monastery of Jarrow (Northumbria), 14 x 10", Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, MS Amiat.1

*Ezra the scribe, 5r

*Book of Kells, Iona [western Scotland] and Kells [Ireland]?, c. 805-20, vellum, 13 x 10", Trinity College Library, Dublin, MS 58 (A I, 6) (sumptuous facsimile at Special Collections)

*Chi Rho page (Matthew 1:18), Incarnation initial, 34r

*Cross of Abbot Muiredach, Monasterboice, Ireland, after 923

east side: Last Judgment
below: Adoration of Magi, Moses striking rock, David & Goliath, Death of Abel, Adam and Eve

Carolingian

*Lorsch Gospels ("Court school"), c. 810-15, Bibliothek Batthyaneum, Alba Julia, MS R.11.1 (sumptuous facsimile at Special Collections)

*John, 67v

*Coronation Gospels/Schatzkammer Gospels ("Palace group"), c. 800, 12-3/4 x 10", vellum, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

*Mathew, 15r

*Ebbo Gospels (Reims), 816-823, 10 x 8", Hautevillers nr. Reims, Bibliothèque Municipale, Epernay, MS. 1

*Mathew, 93r

*Lindau Gospels, front (second ) cover: Christ on the Cross, c. 870, gold, pearls, precious stones, 13 1/2 x 10 1/2", Morgan Library, New York MS 1

Monastic planning
precinct wall and gate, cloister, chapter house, dormitory, night stairs, refectory,
west range: cellar (lay-brothers refectory and above, their dormitory [Cistercian only])
outside the inner monastery: abbot's house, guesthouses, watercourses
outside the monastery: grange, barns including tithe barns

*Plan of St. Gall for a model monastery, Carolingian, Benedictine, c. 819, vellum, 44 x 30", Monastery Library, St. Gallen, Switzerland

stone and timber construction

monastery plans of Cluny II, c. 999, and Cluny III, c. 1130, Cluniac, Burgundy

*Fontenay, Cistercian monastery, mid-12th C., Burgundy

EARLY MEDIEVAL ART cont'd.

Ottonian

Gospel Book of Otto III, c. 1000, Bayerische Staatbibliothek, Munich Ms. Lat. 4453
Otto III enthroned, fol. 24r

*Hildesheim doors, Bishop Bernward as designer?, 1015, bronze, each panel approx. 23 x 43", doors 16' 6" high, Hildesheim Cathedral (originally for St. Michael's, Hildesheim)

*Genesis scenes and Life of Christ

*Gero Crucifix, commissioned by Archbishop Gero, c. 970, painted oak, 74", Cologne Cathedral

ROMANESQUE
themes of militant religion, conquest, frontiers, feudalism, monasticism, cult of relics, crusades, pilgrimage, and eschatology

visual culture
terms: archivolt, jamb, lintel, trumeau, tympanum, voussoir

*Bayeux "Tapestry," c. 1070-80, possibly made at Canterbury, embroidery in wool on linen, 20" x about 230', Centre Guillaume le Conquérant, Bayeux
Norman Conquest of England

*Virgin and Child relic statue (Morgan Madonna), second half of 12th C., from the Auvergne region of France, painted wood, 31" h., Metropolitan Museum of art, New York

*Moissac, St-Pierre (Languedoc), Cluniac abbey, limestone, approx. 16' 6" wide at base
south portal, c. 1115-35

*tympanum: the Apocalyptic Vision or Christ in Majesty with Tetramorph
*trumeau: prophet (Jeremiah)
cloister pier: Abbot Durandus, c. 1100

*Vézelay, La Madeleine (Burgundy), center narthex portal, 1120-32, limestone

*tympanum and lintel: Mission of the Apostles & Ascension
*archivolts: scenes of healing (driving out demons) and teaching

*Autun Cathedral, St-Lazare (Burgundy), c. 1125-35, limestone, approx. 21' wide
(the "myth" of Gislebertus as the artist?)

*west portal:
tympanum: Last Judgment, 11'4" x 21'
archivolts: Zodiac and Labors of the Months
*north portal of transept , lintel: Eve (Musée Municipale, Autun)
*nave capital: *Flight into Egypt (chapter house, Autun Cathedral)

architecture
terms: ambulatory, ashlar, bay, bay division, crypt, hemicycle, stringcourse, tribune, triforium, vaults--barrel, groin, ribbed

*Pisa Cathedral, Sta. Maria Maggiore (Tuscany, Italy), begun 1063, campanile 1174
three-story basilica (arcade, tribune or gallery, clerestory), 5 aisles, timber roofed, Early Christian elevation without bay division, coloristic treatment of marble; extensive exterior galleries

*Speyer Cathedral, Virgin Mary (Rhineland), c. 1027-1106, 89 x 42', 107' when vaulted
two-story basilica (arcade and clerestory), originally timber roofed, groin vaults and transverse arches added in c. 1082, bay division in alternating system forming double bays with longitudinal system of arches, compound piers with engaged half-columns, imperial scale

*Toulouse, St. Sernin (Languedoc [southwestern] France), c. 1070-1120, 68 x 359'
two-story "pilgrimage-road church" type (arcade, tribune or gallery), five-aisled nave, large aisled transept, ambulatory, transept chapels and ambulatory chapels, choir, barrel-vaulted nave and groin-vaulted aisles, galleries quadrant vaulted, compound piers have attached half-columns which rise to meet transverse arches (half-column also called vaulting respond)

Santiago Cathedral, St. James (Galicia), c. 1075, 77', like Toulouse but 3 aisles

*Caen, St. Etienne (Normandy), begun c. 1067, about 70'
three-story timber-roofed basilica (arcade, tribune or gallery, clerestory); later six-part ribbed vaults added in c. 1125-30, originally aisles groin vaulted and galleries quadrant vaulted, alternation of compound piers, thick-walled construction with clerestory passage; two-tower west façade

*Durham Cathedral (Benedictine monastery) (northern England), 1093-c. 1130, 73 x 39'
three-story rib-vaulted basilica (arcade, tribune or gallery, clerestory with passage) rib vaults throughout: first rib vaults in western Europe; alternation of piers, pointed arches in transverse arches of nave Anglo-Norman

manuscript illumination

*Initial "R" with knight fighting dragon, Moralia in Job, c. 1115-25/early 12th C., Cîteaux (Cistercian) MS, 14 x 9", Bibliothèque Municipale, Dijon (Burgundy)

Hildegard of Bingen
Scivias (You shall know/Ways of Knowing), c. 1150-79, formerly Hessische Landesbibliothek,
Wiesbaden Cod. 2 (Rhineland)

Fourth vision: Soul's Exodus from its Tabernacle, or Sould and its tabernacle (Human Journey)
*The vision of Hildegard/Hildegard receiving divine illumination
Sixth vision: Choir of Angels
*Third vision: The "Universe"
*Second vision, Pt. 2: True Threeness of the True Oneness

Liber Divinorum Operum (Book of DivineWorks ), by 1174, The Cosmic Wheel

GOTHIC
themes of developing economic expansion, urbanism, beginnings of modernism, importance of women
and the feminine, courtly culture

sculpture

Early Gothic

Chartres Cathedral (Beauce, SW of Paris), west portals, 1145-55 (also called the Portail Royal)
*central portal: Apocalyptic Vision/Second Coming with angels and 24 Elders in the archivolts; Apostles from the Last Judgment in the lintel; Old Testament kings and queens as column statues on the jambs

High Gothic

Chartres Cathedral, south transept façade, c. 1210-30
*left portal, added c. 1225-30: column statues with left figure of "St. Theodore," the Christian knight
*Naumburg Cathedral (Saxony, Germany), c. 1250-60

*Founders' choir statues: Ekkehart and Uta

architecture terms: flying buttress, molding, pinnacle, ribbed vault, shaft, springing (of a vault or rib), tracery

Early Gothic

*St-Denis (outside Paris), abbey church, 1134-44, limestone, Abbot Suger as patron
west façade--2-tower block with rose window and narthex
*ambulatory above crypt--marble columns, contiguous radiating chapels with large windows

Abbot Suger's chalice, c. 1140, agate and silver gilt (National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.)

*Laon Cathedral of Notre-Dame, c. 1160, 79 x 35'; west façade, c. 1190-1205 (Northeast France)
four-story basilican elevation (arcade, gallery, triforium, clerestory) colonnade, alteration above columns, sexpartite ribbed vaults

Paris Cathedral of Notre-Dame, 1163-c. 1210, 107-110 x 44'; west façade, c. 1200
originally four-story elevation (arcade, gallery, rose triforium, clerestory); flying buttresses in nave

High or Classic Gothic

*Chartres Cathedral of Notre-Dame, west façade, 1145-70; church begun after fire of 1194, 114 x 54' (Beauce, SW of Paris)
three-story elevation (arcade, triforium, tall clerestory with tracery window of two lancets surmounted by an oculus), flying buttresses, large transept façades originally to have had two towers each, cantonné piers, four-part vaults (rib vaults); exterior niches on buttresses containing saints

*Amiens Cathedral of Notre-Dame, begun c. 1220, Robert de Luzarches, Thomas and Regnault de Cormont, 138 x 45' (Northeast France--Picardy)
three-story elevation (arcade, triforium, large traceried clerestory) compound piers like those of Chartres (cantonné pier), large tracery windows, glazed triforium in choir

stained glass

Chartres Cathedral--program? some relationships in placement but not an overall unified program
West façade windows, c. 1150

*Tree of Jesse
(also Life of Christ, Passion)

*North transept rose window and lancets, given by Blanche of Castile, c. 1227, c. 42' diam.

Virgin and Child Enthroned surrounded by Old Testament kings and prophets and doves
lancets with Old Testament figures: Melchizedek, Aaron, David, Solomon flanking St. Anne holding Mary

The north side was directed toward the clergy, and the repeated depiction of the Virgin Mary in the sculpture and glass probably emphasizes her symbolizing the Church.

aisle glass, c. 1200-1240

*Good Samaritan window, south nave aisle, with shoemakers depicted

clerestory glass depicts single holy figures

(Gothic architecture as frame for openings: Cologne Cathedral, 1248; St. Lorenz, Nürnberg, early 15C)

LATE GOTHIC VISUAL CULTURE

*Virgin and Child of Jeanne d'Evreux, Paris, 1339, given to St-Denis by the Queen, silver gilt with
enamel, 27", Louvre, Paris

* Röttgen Pietà: Virgin with the Dead Christ, from the Rhineland, c. 1300-25, painted wood, c. 3',
Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Bonn

*Mary of Burgundy reading her book of hours, Hours of Mary of Burgundy (1457-82), MS=1467-80,
22 x 16 cm, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek MS 1857, f. 14v

*Psalm 101 with "a bawdy betrothal," Ormesby Psalter (Psalter of Robert of Ormesby), early 14C,
Bodleian Library MS Douce 366, f. 131r

*"Très riches heures," Book of Hours of Jean, Duke of Berry, Limbourg Brothers, 1413-16,
8-1/2 x 5-1/2", Musée Condé, Chantilly

Annunciation, f. 26r
February, f. 2v
May, f. 5v

Remove stars from
p. 8 Initial "R" with knight fighting dragon, Moralia in Job, c. 1115-25
Hildegard of Bingen
p. 9 Chartres Cathedral, south transept façade, left portal
Amiens Cathedral

and any others that we do not get to on 6/5.