History of Art and Visual Culture 164
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Fall 2005 |
Syllabus |
HAVC 164 (code 24230) Fall 2005
Early Medieval & Romanesque Architecture
SYLLABUS
Instructor: Virginia Jansen
Cowell College 203 (459-2055)
office hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays 1:00 – 1:45 pm at Cowell 203
7:45 – 8:00 pm at Porter D-246
and by appointment
mail slot at Cowell Faculty Services room 220; supervisor Marianna Santana, 9-2609; marianna@ucsc.edu
e-mail: goth@ucsc.edu
COURSE DESCRIPTION: Meaning and form of ecclesiastical architecture in western European society,
c. 800-1130, within monastic, imperial, ducal, and urban environments.
Auditors welcome as space allows.
COURSE WORK: Assigned readings and videos with brief responses, a set visual exercise
(4 pages), one term paper (7-8 pages) or studio project option for art and architecture majors, midterm, and final examination. Each student will also serve once as a discussion assistant.
Students with disabilities needing accommodation must communicate as soon as possible with the instructor, preferably by October 4.
If you wish to do an individual topic for the term paper, you should see me as soon as possible during office hours, but certainly by November 10. Permission for the studio project option should be obtained after discussion in office hours with the instructor by November 17.
Standards of academic honesty are expected for students to pass the course; consult the winter quarter schedule of classes, p. 26, or the UCSC catalogue.
ATTENDANCE: Attendance is required and necessary at all classes, including the guest lecture on October 14, since the instructor will be presenting material which is not readily available in published form or in English. Participation in discussion is expected. Students who miss more than two classes may be dropped from the course. If you need to miss a class for a valid reason, an absence may be marked excused if prior notification is given followed up with written verification. Do not cut class in order to finish a paper; that only makes things worse! It is better to turn it in the next day. Absences from class affect your performance on examinations.
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION: All students must have an e-mail address and send me a very brief electronic message immediately; please use the subject: HAVC 164 enrolled.
The WWW site address for this course is: http://wwwcatsic.ucsc.edu/~goth/arth164/
The ERes password follows: arch
RESERVES INCLUDING ERes: Various books -- primarily for good illustrations, background, and help with term papers -- have been placed on reserve at the Reserve Desk in McHenry library. A special file of course hand-outs (most also on ERes) plus sample student work, called "Course Papers," will be set up at the Reserve Desk. Images shown on examinations are indicated in bold on the list of Buildings; they will have been shown in class or discussed in the reading and can be reviewed in the reading, on ERes (password: arch), in books on reserve, or in limited ways on the Web. Caution! Since no one source illustrates all the buildings to be known for examinations, a combination of sources will need to be used.
To see slides for the final paper, students should make an appointment with the Visual Resources Library (slide library), in advance (ext. 9-2791).
Videos on medieval architecture are on course reserve at the Media Center in McHenry.
EVALUATIONS or LETTER GRADES: All work showing satisfactory effort must be submitted in a timely fashion to pass the course. Late papers will incur a grade penalty. Grades will be calculated as follows:
20% -- attendance, reading notes, and participation in class
35% -- papers (60% ideas and development; 40% writing and mechanics)
45% -- examinations (midterm and final)
Improvement over the quarter, however, will be weighted. The final examination, seen as the culmination of your quarter's efforts and understanding of Gothic cathedrals, must be passed in order to pass the course. Students are encouraged to help the instructor design the exams; hand in/e-mail her your suggestions.
Also, more than 75% of the notes as assigned in the syllabus (preferably both!) are required to pass the course; however, active participation in class discussions and good discussion of the reading on examinations also count toward this requirement.
SCHEDULE OF MAJOR EVENTS (subject to change with notice):
Th Oct. 6 Class discussion of technical terms (contest!)
Th Oct. 27 Exercise due (2 copies)
(Late papers are accepted for 24 hours; after that no more papers can be accepted, and students should drop the course.)
Th Nov. 3 Midterm. Bring your own paper or blue book (cut off any ragged spiral edges, please!).
Th Nov. 10 If a student has elected to write final paper on individual topic, notification of topic must be handed in by this date.
Th Nov. 17 Final paper synopsis with its annotated specialized bibliography or studio project statement due (subject to previous discussion with instructor), if student has chosen an individual topic; otherwise student must select one of the set topics.
Th Dec. 1 All final papers and projects due in class
Mo Dec. 5 Final examination in the classroom. Bring paper (cut off any spiral edges) or blue books.
noon-3:00 p.m. Please do not enroll if you cannot take the exam at this time. The final exam must be passed in order to pass the course. Students are encouraged to submit questions to be asked.
NOTE: It is departmental policy not to grant extensions on papers or incompletes except in severe emergencies, in which case a note from the proper authority (Health Center, parent, etc.) is required documenting the emergency.
TEXTS
Required texts available at Bay Tree Bookstore and on reserve:
Course Reader
Roger Stalley, Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford History of Art (the newest treatment of the subject; by theme rather than chronology)
R. W. Southern, The Making of the Middle Ages (excellent treatment of historical material; to be read rapidly for general comprehension)
Caecilia Davis-Weyer, Early Medieval Art 300-1150: Sources and Documents (what medieval writers wrote about visual culture)
Blanche Ellsworth, English Simplified (to write papers using correct English usage)
a good dictionary, such as The American Heritage Dictionary (nicely illustrated, too)
Recommended texts (available at Bay Tree Bookstore and on reserve or in Reference):
John Fleming, Hugh Honour, and Nikolaus Pevsner, Penguin Dictionary of Architecture (useful; the most authoritative, small-sized dictionary of architecture)
Hermann Kinder and Werner Hilgemann, Penguin Atlas of World History, vol. I (useful, quick fact-finder; a treasure)
If you have never taken a course in medieval art, skim for general comprehension the relevant sections in one of the following:
Spiro Kostof, A History of Architecture
Nikolaus Pevsner, An Outline of European Architecture
James Snyder, Medieval Art (on reserve)
Whitney S. Stoddard, Art and Architecture of Medieval France
(hardback title: Monastery and Cathedral in France) (both on reserve)
Marilyn Stokstad, Medieval Art
George Zarnecki, Art of the Medieval World
For enjoyment and a lively picture of life and building in the 12th century, read Ken Follett, Pillars of the Earth. Other medieval-based narratives, which contain bits of the built environment, include Sharan Newman's Catherine LeVendeur mysteries, and the Brother Cadfael books by Ellis Peters and the videos based on the books (shown periodically on PBS stations). Sharan Newman is a historian trained at UCSB and Ellis Peters's locale is the abbey of Shrewsbury in northwestern midland England. Both are historically researched.
READINGS, LECTURES, AND ASSIGNMENTS
Students should consult the syllabus carefully and prepare the material assigned before the appropriate class. Consult the supplementary bibliography or ask me for more specific literature if you wish to pursue a topic in depth. The following schedule is ideal and will probably have to be adjusted to the individual personality of this class.
Reading notes assigned will be due at the class in which discussion takes place. They have a threefold purpose: to prepare students for a more informed class discussion, to serve as notes for the examinations, especially for the open note section, and to demonstrate involvement with the reading assigned. Students should concentrate on the value of the reading in relationship to gaining a greater understanding of medieval architecture. Make them specific enough that they will be useful several weeks later; include several concrete points. No notes are required on Stalley (the course text), nor on other required reading for which notes are not specifically assigned in the syllabus. Notes should also be turned in for the videos as required. Because the notes are meant for students' use, they do not need to be typed, proofread, or written in any formal manner. Lecture and class notes should not be turned in.
PART I. BACKGROUND, GENERAL MATERIAL, AND THEMATIC STUDY
Th Sept. 22 What is Romanesque?
Ideas and themes. Methods. Focus on St.-Sernin at Toulouse and St.-Etienne at Caen.
Required: Before the next class, familiarize yourself with the organization and contents of the Course Reader; study its maps, illustrations, and terms.
Tu Sept. 27 Historical background and ritual. Liturgy. Institutions. Original appearance. Meaning.
Required: Read and be prepared to discuss the liturgical and biblical selections from the Course Reader, pp. 98ff: 1 Kings: Chapters 4-8, Ezekiel 40-43:5, selected psalms, and Revelation (Apocalypse) 1, 4-6, 20-21. Note the motifs used and their repetition, but don't get bogged down with the measurements. The sections on building will be discussed during the next class.
For discussion in class: What do we learn about ritual, appearance, and meaning from the biblical texts? What ratios are mentioned? How might ritual (liturgy) have affected building design? Write a brief (one-paragraph), but specific summary of each group of the selections from the Bible and on liturgy. Bring your notes to class, but save them to hand in on Sept. 29.
Deimling in Reader, 124ff; note three points to hand in.
As historical background read selection from Georges Duby, The Age of the Cathedrals, 3-9, in the Reader, pp. 69ff.; the Concordat of Worms, Otto of Freising, and documents on the First Crusade from the Reader, pp. 197ff.; write down two important points from Duby, brief specific comments from the documents, to hand in. Also, look at the miscellaneous in the section on primary sources in Reader, 190ff. (no notes required).
As soon as you can, read rapidly for general context, Southern, 11-73. For Southern, due no later than Oct. 14, list eight points; also include consideration of the questions in "Notes for Discussion" in Reader (p. 1) and hand in brief responses to those; but feel free to ask questions and mention points on this reading any time in class; only certain specific sections will be discussed in class otherwise.
Suggested: The video, Buildings and Beliefs: Medieval Social Structure and Spirituality (VT 3499) in the McHenry Media Center
Th Sept. 29 Structure and construction
Required: J.E. Gordon, Structures, excerpt in Reader, pp. 143ff. Note three important points to hand in. Add further specifics on building to your notes; hand in your reading notes in class after discussion. (Lecture and class notes should not be turned in.)
Stalley, Introduction, chapters 5 and 6, and Honour and Fleming excerpt in Reader,
p. 27. No notes on these readings are required.
For discussion in class: Be prepared to discuss the selections on building, including the biblical reading from Sept. 27, from the Course Reader.
You may find it easier to watch the videos first, but in any case, study as soon as possible the videos, Cathedral (VT 1993) and Light on the Stones (VT 1651) for information on building. Hand in four points about building from each video. Also, consider what particular points of view may be espoused in the video. Use the "Notes for Discussion" in Reader (p. 1) as a guide.
TRADITIONS AND INFLUENCES IN EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE
Tu Oct. 4 Survey of Late Antique, Early Christian, Carolingian, and Ottonian architecture
Required: Read Stalley, chapter 1 rapidly and chapter 7: pp. 147-55 more carefully, reviewing those sections pertaining to material covered in class. Read Davis-Weyer, pp. 6-7, 13-14, 38, 57-59 (Munucius Felix, Prudentius, Jerome to Paulinus, Gregory of Tours)
Suggested: Davis-Weyer, pp. 83-84, 122-23
Barber selections in Reader
Kenneth J. Conant, Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture 800-1200, Pelican History of Art, 1959 (well illustrated, good coverage, but some information is unjustified or now out-of-date); however, for some topics and buildings covered in this course, this text will provide useful information.
A. W. Clapham, Romanesque Architecture in Western Europe
Th Oct. 6 Early medieval crypts and westworks
Required: Stalley, chapter 2
**CONTEST** in class! Prepare as many termini technici as you can, except for those marked "Go." (Gothic). Come with the total number added up that you can explain to the class and questions on the others. (You may consult your notes as you explain.)
Tu Oct. 11 Monastic planning: The Plan of St. Gall
Required: Study carefully the Plan of St. Gall (Stalley, 187; see also p. 178) and monastic plans and drawings in Reader, pp. 143ff. Review drawings and read miscellany and documents on monastic planning, noting at least three points from each section and five from Braunfels; from Hollister, Reader, pp. 197ff., read the text by William of St. Thierry and correspondence between Hildegard of Bingen and Bernard of Clairvaux, noting at least two points for each selection and at least three from each of the texts in Davis-Weyer, pp. 92-99, 128-140). Also read Southern, 154-69, 185-93, noting five sentences. Skim Stalley, chapter 8, concentrating on the general discussion of monastic planning.
For discussion in class: Analyze the different types of monastic planning and the functional placement of the buildings. What types of order does the planning convey? Hand in notes from the reading on these questions as well as the specific points required above.
Suggested: Walter Horn and Ernest Born, The Plan of St. Gall, 3 sumptuous, encyclopedic volumes (one copy in Protected Collection, housed at the Reserve Desk, one in Special Collections, McHenry)
Lorna Price, The Plan of St. Gallin Brief, a short version of the above, on reserve
David Knowles, Christian Monasticism George Zarnecki, The Monastic Achievement
Barber, chapter 4, in Reader
Virginia Jansen, "Architecture and Community in Medieval Monastic Dormitories," Studies in Cistercian Art and Architecture (Cistercian Studies Series 167),
ed. Meredith Parsons Lillich, V, 1998, 58-94 (copy on reserve)
Th Oct. 13 Architecture at the Millennium: St.-Bénigne at Dijon
Required: Stalley, chapter 3
For discussion in class: Davis-Weyer, 124-128, 135-40 (texts by Raoul Glaber, anonymous chronicle on St.-Bénigne, and Leo of Ostia), while looking at the illustrations of St.-Bénigne in the Reader. Pick out the major parts of the building described in the chronicle. List five key sentences from the chronicle relating to architecture to hand in. List two each from Glaber and Leo of Ostia.
Also turn in notes today or at Friday's lecture on Southern, 11-73, as required on September 27.
Fr Oct. 14 required guest lecture, details TBA
Prof. Carolyn Malone, Art History, University of Southern California, on the church of St-Benigne at Dijon around the year 1000
Tu Oct. 18 Dijon (continued)
Required: Krautheimer, "Introduction to an 'Iconography of Medieval Architecture'" in Reader, pp. 208ff.; concentrate on the main ideas; do not get bogged down in the details. Try "freewriting." Then, write a one-paragraph summary and list five key points to turn in; be prepared to read them in class. Also hand in brief responses to "Notes for Discussion" (see Reader, p. 1).
Th Oct. 20 Instructor away; work on first paper (exercise) and catch up with reading.
Tu Oct. 25 Imperial Traditions: Limburg and Speyer
Required: Stalley, chapter 9, pp. 197-211 and Epilogue; Bony French Gothic, 81-85 (in Reader); Davis-Weyer, 117-19.
For discussion in class: Horn, "On the Origins of the Mediaeval Bay System," in the Reader, pp. 249ff. Read for central thesis. Consider in what ways Horn's argument may seem valid. Or does it seem too speculative as far as you can judge? How does he revise and expand his argument in the excerpts from "Survival, Revival, Transformation"? Write a two-paragraph summary with critique and brief responses to "Notes for Discussion" (see Reader, p. 1) to hand in as well as eight significant points; also turn in several major ones from Bony and the video, VT 2428 Cathedral of Speyer, at Media Center, as well as three sentences from Glaber's text in Davis-Weyer. What particular points of view are espoused in the video?
EARLY ROMANESQUE: EXPERIMENTS AND SYNTHESES
Th Oct. 27 Exercise due (two copies)--one to exchange with another student; see separate instructions. Do not cut class to finish paper! Late papers accepted for only 24 hours and marked late; no extensions given. Be sure your paper is well proofread. Also consult writing advice in Reader, pp. 7ff.
Lecture: St.-Martin-du-Canigou and Iberian traditions; Cardona
Required: Stalley, chapters 6, pp. 130-38, and 9, pp. 195-97; Southern, 74-139, especially 118-24; review 21-24. In Reader, see foundation charter (Stoddard under "Monastic Planning") and information for visitors on Canigou, Reader, p. 329.
For discussion in class: Southern and the historical background of the period; list five significant developments to read to the class and to turn in. Also bring your questions and comments.
Suggested: Barber selections in Reader
Th Nov. 1 St.-Philibert at Tournus
Required: Stalley, p. 138
Suggested: Review the video VT 1651 Light on the Stones.
Also bring both specific and more general questions to suggest for the midterm examination.
Th Nov. 3 Midterm in class; bring your own paper (no spiral edges, please) or two blue books, one for each of the two sections of the examination. There will be an open note section for the assigned reading portion, but not for the rest of the examination.
Tu Nov. 8 Notre-Dame at Jumièges
Required: Stalley, chapter 9; Bony, French Gothic, 21-22, in the Reader; hand in four points from Bony.
Th Nov. 10 Traditions in Italy during the Romanesque period
Required: Stalley, chapter 9, especially pp. 199-202
From Reader, read Mathilda's grant, p. (Hollister #G), and McLean on Pisa, pp. 330-31; view video VT 3467 Pisa: Story of a Cathedral Square; hand in two or three points on each selection except for Stalley.
Suggested: Walter Horn, "Romanesque Churches in Florence and Their Chronology and Stylistic Development," Art Bulletin, XXV, 1943, 112-131
Note: If planning to write on an individual topic, you must discuss it by today with instructor.
Tu Nov. 15 Italy continued
Required: Stalley, pp. 140-41; Bony, French Gothic, 7-17, in Reader, and hand in five points.
Th Nov. 17 The "Pilgrimage-Road" church type: St.-Sernin at Toulouse and Santiago Cathedral
Required: Stalley, chapter 7, pp. 155-65; Bony, French Gothic, 21-22, in Reader; Southern, 240-245. As time permits, read excerpts from Shaver-Crandall and Gerson, Pilgrim's Guide, in Reader, pp. 334ff.
For discussion in class: Davis- Weyer, 147-156, "Guide to Santiago"; hand in at least six key points.
Suggested: The Song of Roland (a few extracts in Reader, pp. 196f.)
Video VT 2897 Heaven or Hell: The Last Judgment
Davis-Weyer, pp. 158-64
Conrad Rudolph, Professor of History of Art, UCR, Pilgrimage to the End of the World: The Road to Santiago de Compostela, on reserve, a work of personal writing about walking "the Road," published by University of Chicago Press (amazon.com reviewer "backpack45" commented, " I didn't put it down till I finished the last page.")
Note: If not working on one of the set class topics, synopsis of final paper with annotated specialized bibliography or one-paragraph statement of studio project due; either must have been previously discussed with instructor in her office hours.
ROMANESQUE DEVELOPMENTS: MONUMENTAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOLUTIONS
Tu Nov. 22 The pilgrimage roads, Cluny, and Vézelay
Required: Stalley, chapter 8, pp. 168—82, and 6, pp. 138-39; Bony, French Gothic, 17-21, in Reader
For discussion in class: Davis-Weyer, 168-170 (Bernard), and Barbara Abou-El-Haj, "The Audiences for the Medieval Cult of Saints," in Reader, pp. 349ff. Hand in several statements pertinent to building and responses to notes for discussion (Reader, p. 1) on the Abou-El-Haj article and four points from Bernard's text.
Also read Southern, 131-154, 179-181, 193-203 (suggested 219-257). Come prepared to ask questions and to discuss the significant issues. Make a list of at least five major points to read to the class and to turn in.
Also view the video (VT 1651) and read the text by Georgia Wright in Reader, Light on the Stones, The Medieval Church of Vézelay, pp. 362ff. List at least eight points significant to understanding the built environment of Vézelay to hand in. What difference is there between Wright's and Abou-El-Haj's information? What particular points of view are espoused in the former's video?
Suggested: VT 3498 Romanesque architecture of Burgundy
VT 3471 French Romanesque Art
What particular points of view are espoused in the videos?
Th Nov. 24 no class – Happy Thanksgiving!
Tu Nov. 29 Developed Romanesque architecture: more Burgundian and Norman: Mont-Saint- Michel and St.-Etienne at Caen
Required: Stalley, chapter 9, pp. 202-04, and chapter 10, and pp. 140-44; Bony, French Gothic, 22-26, in Reader; hand in five points from Bony.
Th Dec. 1 Papers and studio projects due. Late papers cannot be accepted.
Lecture: Further Norman and Anglo-Norman Romanesque
Required: View VT 3472 Three English Cathedrals, only the section on Norwich. Hand in five points.
Suggested: Video VT 3497 Romanesque Architecture of Normandy. What particular points of view are espoused in the video?
Castle architecture in Reader, pp. 380ff.
Come with some general thoughts about Romanesque architecture and both general and specific questions to suggest for the final examination.
Mon. Dec. 5 Final examination in the classroom; bring your own writing materials and
noon-3:00 p.m. either paper with any spiral edges cut off or at least two blue books. As on the midterm, there will be a closed note portion and open notes only for the questions on assigned reading.